Relationship between salivary/pancreatic amylase and body mass index: a systems biology approach
Identifieur interne : 000462 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000461; suivant : 000463Relationship between salivary/pancreatic amylase and body mass index: a systems biology approach
Auteurs : Amélie Bonnefond [France] ; Loïc Yengo [France, Australie] ; Aurélie Dechaume [France] ; Mickaël Canouil [France] ; Maxime Castelain [France] ; Estelle Roger [France] ; Frédéric Allegaert [France] ; Robert Caiazzo [France] ; Violeta Raverdy [France] ; Marie Pigeyre [France] ; Abdelilah Arredouani [Qatar] ; Jean-Michel Borys [France] ; Claire Lévy-Marchal [France] ; Jacques Weill [France] ; Ronan Roussel [France] ; Beverley Balkau [France] ; Michel Marre [France] ; François Pattou [France] ; Thierry Brousseau [France] ; Philippe Froguel [France]Source :
- BMC Medicine [ 1741-7015 ] ; 2017.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- MESH :
- enzymologie : Obésité.
- métabolisme : Pancreatic alpha-Amylases, alpha-Amylases salivaires.
- Biologie des systèmes, Enfant, Femelle, Humains, Indice de masse corporelle, Mâle, Études longitudinales.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- chemical , metabolism : Pancreatic alpha-Amylases, Salivary alpha-Amylases.
- enzymology : Obesity.
- Body Mass Index, Child, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Systems Biology.
Abstract
Salivary (AMY1) and pancreatic (AMY2) amylases hydrolyze starch. Copy number of
We assessed the association between plasma enzymatic activity of AMY1 or AMY2, and several metabolic traits in almost 4000 French individuals from D.E.S.I.R. longitudinal study. The effect of the number of copies of
We evidenced strong associations between AMY1 or AMY2 activity and lower BMI. However, we found a modest contribution of
These findings provide new insights into the involvement of amylase in adiposity and starch metabolism.
The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12916-017-0784-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Url:
DOI: 10.1186/s12916-017-0784-x
PubMed: 28228143
PubMed Central: 5322607
Affiliations:
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sort="Pattou, Francois" uniqKey="Pattou F" first="François" last="Pattou">François Pattou</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff3"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2186 1211</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.4461.7</institution-id><institution></institution><institution>University of Lille, Inserm, U1190 – EGID,</institution></institution-wrap>Lille, 59000 France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Lille</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff4"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0471 8845</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.410463.4</institution-id><institution>Endocrine Surgery Department,</institution><institution>CHU of Lille,</institution></institution-wrap>Lille, 59000 France</nlm:aff><country 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of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199 – EGID, Lille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Hauts-de-France</region><region type="old region">Nord-Pas-de-Calais</region><settlement type="city">Lille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yengo, Loic" sort="Yengo, Loic" uniqKey="Yengo L" first="Loïc" last="Yengo">Loïc Yengo</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199 – EGID, Lille, 59000 France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199 – EGID, Lille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Hauts-de-France</region><region type="old region">Nord-Pas-de-Calais</region><settlement type="city">Lille</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff2"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0000 9320 7537</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.1003.2</institution-id><institution></institution><institution>Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland,</institution></institution-wrap>Brisbane, 4067 Australia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Brisbane</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dechaume, Aurelie" sort="Dechaume, Aurelie" uniqKey="Dechaume A" first="Aurélie" last="Dechaume">Aurélie Dechaume</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199 – EGID, Lille, 59000 France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199 – EGID, Lille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Hauts-de-France</region><region type="old region">Nord-Pas-de-Calais</region><settlement type="city">Lille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Canouil, Mickael" sort="Canouil, Mickael" uniqKey="Canouil M" first="Mickaël" last="Canouil">Mickaël Canouil</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199 – EGID, Lille, 59000 France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199 – EGID, Lille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Hauts-de-France</region><region type="old region">Nord-Pas-de-Calais</region><settlement type="city">Lille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Castelain, Maxime" sort="Castelain, Maxime" uniqKey="Castelain M" first="Maxime" last="Castelain">Maxime Castelain</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199 – EGID, Lille, 59000 France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199 – EGID, Lille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Hauts-de-France</region><region type="old region">Nord-Pas-de-Calais</region><settlement type="city">Lille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Roger, Estelle" sort="Roger, Estelle" uniqKey="Roger E" first="Estelle" last="Roger">Estelle Roger</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199 – EGID, Lille, 59000 France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199 – EGID, Lille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Hauts-de-France</region><region type="old region">Nord-Pas-de-Calais</region><settlement type="city">Lille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Allegaert, Frederic" sort="Allegaert, Frederic" uniqKey="Allegaert F" first="Frédéric" last="Allegaert">Frédéric Allegaert</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199 – EGID, Lille, 59000 France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199 – EGID, Lille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Hauts-de-France</region><region type="old region">Nord-Pas-de-Calais</region><settlement type="city">Lille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Caiazzo, Robert" sort="Caiazzo, Robert" uniqKey="Caiazzo R" first="Robert" last="Caiazzo">Robert Caiazzo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff3"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2186 1211</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.4461.7</institution-id><institution></institution><institution>University of Lille, Inserm, U1190 – EGID,</institution></institution-wrap>Lille, 59000 France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Lille</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff4"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0471 8845</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.410463.4</institution-id><institution>Endocrine Surgery Department,</institution><institution>CHU of Lille,</institution></institution-wrap>Lille, 59000 France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Lille</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Raverdy, Violeta" sort="Raverdy, Violeta" uniqKey="Raverdy V" first="Violeta" last="Raverdy">Violeta Raverdy</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff3"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2186 1211</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.4461.7</institution-id><institution></institution><institution>University of Lille, Inserm, U1190 – EGID,</institution></institution-wrap>Lille, 59000 France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Lille</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff4"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0471 8845</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.410463.4</institution-id><institution>Endocrine Surgery Department,</institution><institution>CHU of Lille,</institution></institution-wrap>Lille, 59000 France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Lille</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pigeyre, Marie" sort="Pigeyre, Marie" uniqKey="Pigeyre M" first="Marie" last="Pigeyre">Marie Pigeyre</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff3"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2186 1211</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.4461.7</institution-id><institution></institution><institution>University of Lille, Inserm, U1190 – EGID,</institution></institution-wrap>Lille, 59000 France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Lille</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff4"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0471 8845</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.410463.4</institution-id><institution>Endocrine Surgery Department,</institution><institution>CHU of Lille,</institution></institution-wrap>Lille, 59000 France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Lille</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arredouani, Abdelilah" sort="Arredouani, Abdelilah" uniqKey="Arredouani A" first="Abdelilah" last="Arredouani">Abdelilah Arredouani</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff5"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 0516 2170</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.418818.c</institution-id><institution></institution><institution>Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Qatar Foundation,</institution></institution-wrap>Doha, 5825 Qatar</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Qatar</country><wicri:regionArea>Doha</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Borys, Jean Michel" sort="Borys, Jean Michel" uniqKey="Borys J" first="Jean-Michel" last="Borys">Jean-Michel Borys</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff6">Fleurbaix-Laventie Association, Laventie, 62840 France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Fleurbaix-Laventie Association, Laventie</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Laventie</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Laventie</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Levy Marchal, Claire" sort="Levy Marchal, Claire" uniqKey="Levy Marchal C" first="Claire" last="Lévy-Marchal">Claire Lévy-Marchal</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff7"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1937 0589</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.413235.2</institution-id><institution>Inserm CIE 05 – Department of Clinical Epidemiology,</institution><institution>Robert Debré Hospital,</institution></institution-wrap>Paris, 75019 France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Paris</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Weill, Jacques" sort="Weill, Jacques" uniqKey="Weill J" first="Jacques" last="Weill">Jacques Weill</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff8"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0471 8845</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.410463.4</institution-id><institution>Pediatric Endocrine Department,</institution><institution>CHU of Lille,</institution></institution-wrap>Lille, 59000 France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Lille</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Roussel, Ronan" sort="Roussel, Ronan" uniqKey="Roussel R" first="Ronan" last="Roussel">Ronan Roussel</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff9"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.417925.c</institution-id><institution></institution><institution>Inserm, U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers,</institution></institution-wrap>Paris, 75006 France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Paris</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff10"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2217 0017</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.7452.4</institution-id><institution></institution><institution>Paris-Diderot University,</institution></institution-wrap>Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris, 75013 France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff11">Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology and Nutrition, DHU-FIRE, Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, 75018 France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology and Nutrition, DHU-FIRE, Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Balkau, Beverley" sort="Balkau, Beverley" uniqKey="Balkau B" first="Beverley" last="Balkau">Beverley Balkau</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff12"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0638 6872</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.463845.8</institution-id><institution></institution><institution>Inserm, U1018, CESP, Team 5 (EpReC, Renal and cardiovascular Epidemiology), UVSQ-UPS,</institution></institution-wrap>Villejuif, 94807 France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Villejuif</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marre, Michel" sort="Marre, Michel" uniqKey="Marre M" first="Michel" last="Marre">Michel Marre</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff9"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.417925.c</institution-id><institution></institution><institution>Inserm, U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers,</institution></institution-wrap>Paris, 75006 France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Paris</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff10"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2217 0017</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.7452.4</institution-id><institution></institution><institution>Paris-Diderot University,</institution></institution-wrap>Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris, 75013 France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff11">Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology and Nutrition, DHU-FIRE, Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, 75018 France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology and Nutrition, DHU-FIRE, Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pattou, Francois" sort="Pattou, Francois" uniqKey="Pattou F" first="François" last="Pattou">François Pattou</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff3"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2186 1211</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.4461.7</institution-id><institution></institution><institution>University of Lille, Inserm, U1190 – EGID,</institution></institution-wrap>Lille, 59000 France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Lille</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff4"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0471 8845</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.410463.4</institution-id><institution>Endocrine Surgery Department,</institution><institution>CHU of Lille,</institution></institution-wrap>Lille, 59000 France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Lille</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brousseau, Thierry" sort="Brousseau, Thierry" uniqKey="Brousseau T" first="Thierry" last="Brousseau">Thierry Brousseau</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff13"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0471 8845</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.410463.4</institution-id><institution>UF8832 - Biochimie Automatisée,</institution><institution>Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique, CHU of Lille,</institution></institution-wrap>Lille, 59000 France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Lille</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Froguel, Philippe" sort="Froguel, Philippe" uniqKey="Froguel P" first="Philippe" last="Froguel">Philippe Froguel</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199 – EGID, Lille, 59000 France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199 – EGID, Lille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Hauts-de-France</region><region type="old region">Nord-Pas-de-Calais</region><settlement type="city">Lille</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff14"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 0705 4923</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.413629.b</institution-id><institution>Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London,</institution><institution>Hammersmith Hospital,</institution></institution-wrap>London, W12 0NN UK</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">W12 0NN UK</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">BMC Medicine</title><idno type="eISSN">1741-7015</idno><imprint><date when="2017">2017</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Body Mass Index</term><term>Child</term><term>Female</term><term>Humans</term><term>Longitudinal Studies</term><term>Male</term><term>Obesity (enzymology)</term><term>Pancreatic alpha-Amylases (metabolism)</term><term>Salivary alpha-Amylases (metabolism)</term><term>Systems Biology</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Biologie des systèmes</term><term>Enfant</term><term>Femelle</term><term>Humains</term><term>Indice de masse corporelle</term><term>Mâle</term><term>Obésité (enzymologie)</term><term>Pancreatic alpha-Amylases (métabolisme)</term><term>alpha-Amylases salivaires (métabolisme)</term><term>Études longitudinales</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en"><term>Pancreatic alpha-Amylases</term><term>Salivary alpha-Amylases</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="enzymologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Obésité</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="enzymology" xml:lang="en"><term>Obesity</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="métabolisme" xml:lang="fr"><term>Pancreatic alpha-Amylases</term><term>alpha-Amylases salivaires</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Body Mass Index</term><term>Child</term><term>Female</term><term>Humans</term><term>Longitudinal Studies</term><term>Male</term><term>Systems Biology</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Biologie des systèmes</term><term>Enfant</term><term>Femelle</term><term>Humains</term><term>Indice de masse corporelle</term><term>Mâle</term><term>Études longitudinales</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Salivary (AMY1) and pancreatic (AMY2) amylases hydrolyze starch. Copy number of <italic>AMY1A</italic> (encoding AMY1) was reported to be higher in populations with a high-starch diet and reduced in obese people. These results based on quantitative PCR have been challenged recently. We aimed to re-assess the relationship between amylase and adiposity using a systems biology approach.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>We assessed the association between plasma enzymatic activity of AMY1 or AMY2, and several metabolic traits in almost 4000 French individuals from D.E.S.I.R. longitudinal study. The effect of the number of copies of <italic>AMY1A</italic> (encoding AMY1) or <italic>AMY2A</italic> (encoding AMY2) measured through droplet digital PCR was then analyzed on the same parameters in the same study. A Mendelian randomization analysis was also performed. We subsequently assessed the association between <italic>AMY1A</italic> copy number and obesity risk in two case-control studies (5000 samples in total). Finally, we assessed the association between body mass index (BMI)-related plasma metabolites and AMY1 or AMY2 activity.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>We evidenced strong associations between AMY1 or AMY2 activity and lower BMI. However, we found a modest contribution of <italic>AMY1A</italic> copy number to lower BMI. Mendelian randomization identified a causal negative effect of BMI on AMY1 and AMY2 activities. Yet, we also found a significant negative contribution of AMY1 activity at baseline to the change in BMI during the 9-year follow-up, and a significant contribution of <italic>AMY1A</italic> copy number to lower obesity risk in children, suggesting a bidirectional relationship between AMY1 activity and adiposity. Metabonomics identified a BMI-independent association between AMY1 activity and lactate, a product of complex carbohydrate fermentation.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>These findings provide new insights into the involvement of amylase in adiposity and starch metabolism.</p></sec><sec><title>Electronic supplementary material</title><p>The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12916-017-0784-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mifflin, Te" uniqKey="Mifflin T">TE Mifflin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hortin, G" uniqKey="Hortin G">G Hortin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bruns, De" uniqKey="Bruns D">DE Bruns</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Perry, Gh" uniqKey="Perry G">GH Perry</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dominy, Nj" uniqKey="Dominy N">NJ Dominy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Claw, Kg" uniqKey="Claw K">KG Claw</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, As" uniqKey="Lee A">AS Lee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fiegler, H" uniqKey="Fiegler H">H Fiegler</name></author><author><name sortKey="Redon, R" uniqKey="Redon R">R Redon</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Falchi, M" uniqKey="Falchi M">M Falchi</name></author><author><name sortKey="El Sayed Moustafa, Js" uniqKey="El Sayed Moustafa J">JS El-Sayed Moustafa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Takousis, P" uniqKey="Takousis P">P Takousis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pesce, F" uniqKey="Pesce F">F Pesce</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bonnefond, A" uniqKey="Bonnefond A">A Bonnefond</name></author><author><name sortKey="Andersson Assarsson, Jc" uniqKey="Andersson Assarsson J">JC Andersson-Assarsson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Viljakainen, H" uniqKey="Viljakainen H">H Viljakainen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Andersson Assarsson, Jc" uniqKey="Andersson Assarsson J">JC Andersson-Assarsson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Armenio, M" uniqKey="Armenio M">M Armenio</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pekkinen, M" uniqKey="Pekkinen M">M Pekkinen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pettersson, M" uniqKey="Pettersson M">M Pettersson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Valta, H" uniqKey="Valta H">H Valta</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Marcovecchio, Ml" uniqKey="Marcovecchio M">ML Marcovecchio</name></author><author><name sortKey="Florio, R" uniqKey="Florio R">R Florio</name></author><author><name sortKey="Verginelli, F" uniqKey="Verginelli F">F Verginelli</name></author><author><name sortKey="De Lellis, L" uniqKey="De Lellis L">L De Lellis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Capelli, C" uniqKey="Capelli C">C Capelli</name></author><author><name sortKey="Verzilli, D" uniqKey="Verzilli D">D Verzilli</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Choi, Y J" uniqKey="Choi Y">Y-J Choi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nam, Y S" uniqKey="Nam Y">Y-S Nam</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yun, Jm" uniqKey="Yun J">JM Yun</name></author><author><name sortKey="Park, Jh" uniqKey="Park J">JH Park</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cho, Bl" uniqKey="Cho B">BL Cho</name></author><author><name sortKey="Son, H Y" uniqKey="Son H">H-Y Son</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Usher, Cl" uniqKey="Usher C">CL Usher</name></author><author><name sortKey="Handsaker, Re" uniqKey="Handsaker R">RE Handsaker</name></author><author><name sortKey="Esko, T" uniqKey="Esko T">T Esko</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tuke, Ma" uniqKey="Tuke M">MA Tuke</name></author><author><name sortKey="Weedon, Mn" uniqKey="Weedon M">MN Weedon</name></author><author><name 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Haworth</name></author><author><name sortKey="Carnell, S" uniqKey="Carnell S">S Carnell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Meaburn, El" uniqKey="Meaburn E">EL Meaburn</name></author><author><name sortKey="Davis, Osp" uniqKey="Davis O">OSP Davis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Plomin, R" uniqKey="Plomin R">R Plomin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wardle, J" uniqKey="Wardle J">J Wardle</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Aguirre, M" uniqKey="Aguirre M">M Aguirre</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jonkers, Dmae" uniqKey="Jonkers D">DMAE Jonkers</name></author><author><name sortKey="Troost, Fj" uniqKey="Troost F">FJ Troost</name></author><author><name sortKey="Roeselers, G" uniqKey="Roeselers G">G Roeselers</name></author><author><name sortKey="Venema, K" uniqKey="Venema K">K Venema</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pedersen, Hk" uniqKey="Pedersen 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sort="Allegaert, Frederic" uniqKey="Allegaert F" first="Frédéric" last="Allegaert">Frédéric Allegaert</name><name sortKey="Balkau, Beverley" sort="Balkau, Beverley" uniqKey="Balkau B" first="Beverley" last="Balkau">Beverley Balkau</name><name sortKey="Borys, Jean Michel" sort="Borys, Jean Michel" uniqKey="Borys J" first="Jean-Michel" last="Borys">Jean-Michel Borys</name><name sortKey="Brousseau, Thierry" sort="Brousseau, Thierry" uniqKey="Brousseau T" first="Thierry" last="Brousseau">Thierry Brousseau</name><name sortKey="Caiazzo, Robert" sort="Caiazzo, Robert" uniqKey="Caiazzo R" first="Robert" last="Caiazzo">Robert Caiazzo</name><name sortKey="Caiazzo, Robert" sort="Caiazzo, Robert" uniqKey="Caiazzo R" first="Robert" last="Caiazzo">Robert Caiazzo</name><name sortKey="Canouil, Mickael" sort="Canouil, Mickael" uniqKey="Canouil M" first="Mickaël" last="Canouil">Mickaël Canouil</name><name sortKey="Castelain, Maxime" sort="Castelain, Maxime" uniqKey="Castelain M" first="Maxime" last="Castelain">Maxime Castelain</name><name sortKey="Dechaume, Aurelie" sort="Dechaume, Aurelie" uniqKey="Dechaume A" first="Aurélie" last="Dechaume">Aurélie Dechaume</name><name sortKey="Froguel, Philippe" sort="Froguel, Philippe" uniqKey="Froguel P" first="Philippe" last="Froguel">Philippe Froguel</name><name sortKey="Levy Marchal, Claire" sort="Levy Marchal, Claire" uniqKey="Levy Marchal C" first="Claire" last="Lévy-Marchal">Claire Lévy-Marchal</name><name sortKey="Marre, Michel" sort="Marre, Michel" uniqKey="Marre M" first="Michel" last="Marre">Michel Marre</name><name sortKey="Marre, Michel" sort="Marre, Michel" uniqKey="Marre M" first="Michel" last="Marre">Michel Marre</name><name sortKey="Marre, Michel" sort="Marre, Michel" uniqKey="Marre M" first="Michel" last="Marre">Michel Marre</name><name sortKey="Pattou, Francois" sort="Pattou, Francois" uniqKey="Pattou F" first="François" last="Pattou">François Pattou</name><name sortKey="Pattou, Francois" sort="Pattou, Francois" uniqKey="Pattou F" first="François" last="Pattou">François Pattou</name><name sortKey="Pigeyre, Marie" sort="Pigeyre, Marie" uniqKey="Pigeyre M" first="Marie" last="Pigeyre">Marie Pigeyre</name><name sortKey="Pigeyre, Marie" sort="Pigeyre, Marie" uniqKey="Pigeyre M" first="Marie" last="Pigeyre">Marie Pigeyre</name><name sortKey="Raverdy, Violeta" sort="Raverdy, Violeta" uniqKey="Raverdy V" first="Violeta" last="Raverdy">Violeta Raverdy</name><name sortKey="Raverdy, Violeta" sort="Raverdy, Violeta" uniqKey="Raverdy V" first="Violeta" last="Raverdy">Violeta Raverdy</name><name sortKey="Roger, Estelle" sort="Roger, Estelle" uniqKey="Roger E" first="Estelle" last="Roger">Estelle Roger</name><name sortKey="Roussel, Ronan" sort="Roussel, Ronan" uniqKey="Roussel R" first="Ronan" last="Roussel">Ronan Roussel</name><name sortKey="Roussel, Ronan" sort="Roussel, Ronan" uniqKey="Roussel R" first="Ronan" last="Roussel">Ronan Roussel</name><name sortKey="Roussel, Ronan" sort="Roussel, Ronan" uniqKey="Roussel R" first="Ronan" last="Roussel">Ronan Roussel</name><name sortKey="Weill, Jacques" sort="Weill, Jacques" uniqKey="Weill J" first="Jacques" last="Weill">Jacques Weill</name><name sortKey="Yengo, Loic" sort="Yengo, Loic" uniqKey="Yengo L" first="Loïc" last="Yengo">Loïc Yengo</name></country><country name="Australie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Yengo, Loic" sort="Yengo, Loic" uniqKey="Yengo L" first="Loïc" last="Yengo">Loïc Yengo</name></noRegion></country><country name="Qatar"><noRegion><name sortKey="Arredouani, Abdelilah" sort="Arredouani, Abdelilah" uniqKey="Arredouani A" first="Abdelilah" last="Arredouani">Abdelilah Arredouani</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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